[-][-][-][-][-][-][-][-][-][-] [-] [-] [-] GraphicWriter Softdocs [-] [-] Typed by Rodger Dodger [-] [-] [-] [-][-][-][-][-][-][-][-][-][-] THE WORD PROCESSOR ------------------ Creating a New Document ----------------------- To create a new document simply start up GraphicWriter and you're ready to begin typing. If you're already into a document, then save the changes (if you wish to), then CLOSE the window and go up to the File menu and select "New Document". This brings up a new, "Untitled" window, just the same as if you boot-up from scratch. A blinking cursor awaits your keystrokes. The blinking cursor advances along as you type indicating the eventual position of the next typed character. As you are typing the pointer changes from an arrow to what we call an I-Beam. By moving the mouse you can select where you would like the blinking cursor to be positioned and inserted within your document. You can maneuver this I-Beam Pointer between characters, click the mouse button and a new position of the blinking cursor will be obtained. From there you can begin typing in new characters, or BACKSPACING out characters on the left. Highlighting Text ----------------- The key to using the Word Processor centers around HIGHLIGHTING TEXT. By "HIGHLIGHTING" we really mean "SELECTING". Thus, to process words, you need to tell GraphicWriter which WORDS you want to PROCESS and HOW you would like this done. Position the cursor next to the word(s) you wish to highlight, click and hold down the mouse button while DRAGGING the POINTER across them. Highlighted words become blackened. Processing Highlighted Text --------------------------- When some text has been highlighted (selected), you can perform various operations on it. Examples would be choosing a different FONT from the Font menu, or a different SIZE from the Style menu, or any combination of them. Just the text that was highlighted will be changed. As your document grows, you can even highlight multiple paragraphs (by dragging across them) and "operate" on the entire sum of highlighted text. Other Ways To Highlight Text ---------------------------- There are a few other ways to highlight text besides dragging the pointer over it. DOUBLE-CLICKING ON A WORD will highlight that particular word. It doesn't matter which character of the word the pointer is on when you double-click, the whole word will become highlighted allowing you to choose a new font or style (or color) just for this word. SHIFT-CLICK (holding down the SHIFT key while clicking) will highlight ALL OF THE TEXT BETWEEN the current position of the "blinking" edit cursor and the position of the click. For example, suppose the "blinking" cursor is located at the Beginning of a sentence. If you where to position the I-Beam pointer at the END of the sentence and do a SHIFT-CLICK, then ALL OF THE WORDS OF THE SENTENCE will become highlighted. Inn this way, multiple paragraphs, or even an ENTIRE DOCUMENT (through the use of "scrolling") can be highlighted and operated upon. CUT-COPY-PASTE -------------- The Edit Menu ------------- The Edit menu offers some "tools" that you can use while working with a document. It will allow you to take characters or words in your document and Cut them out, Copy them, or Paste the Copy back into your document. These are used so often that they have keystroke equivalents for them: OPEN APPLE-X to Cut, OPEN APPLE-C to Copy, and OPEN APPLE-V to Paste. Removing Text ------------- It is very easy to REMOVE text from a document. All you have to do is highlight the desired text, then press the BACKSPACE key. Another way is to highlight the text and just start typing. The first keystroke will eliminate the highlighted text before inserting the newly typed characters. The text will be removed permanently. (However, if "Undo" is active on the Edit menu, you may select it to cancel the last activity.) Cutting Text ------------ A more sophisticated way to remove the text is to highlight the desired section and then Cut it from the document. The Clipboard ------------- When you Cut out some text, it isn't gone forever. It goes into the Clipboard. This "stores" the text in memory for future use (replacing whatever text was there before it). You can always review the contents of the Clipboard by selecting "Show Clipboard" from the Edit menu. The Clipboard window can be moved about the screen by dragging the window by it's top "black" part. You can put this Clipboard window away by clicking in it's Close Box or by selecting "Hide Clipboard" from the edit when presented (or by clicking directly on the title of your document). Copying Text ------------ Another function you can employ while text is highlighted is to make a Copy of it. By selecting "Copy" from the Edit menu, the highlighted text will also be moved into the Clipboard, but this time the highlighted text will NOT be taken away from the document. Therefore, the only difference between Cut and Copy is that Cut removes the text from the body of the document. They both will "save" the text on the clipboard. Using the BACKSPACE key or just typing when text is highlighted will, of course, remove the text WITHOUT placing it onto the Clipboard. Pasting Text ------------ When the Clipboard has some text in it, either by Cut or Copy, you can then take it's CONTENTS, and Paste it anywhere back INTO your document. To do this, position the I-beam pointer and click the mouse button at the desired STARTING location so that the edit cursor is "blinking" there. The pasted text will be INSERTED into the document beginning at this point upon selecting "paste" from the Edit menu. you might notice that the new text is placed into the document while retaining it's original font, size, color, and style. It should also be pointed out that if any text is highlighted when selecting "Paste", then the highlighted text will be eliminated before the new text is inserted. This is exactly like removing the highlighted text by first hitting the BACKSPACE key just prior to Pasting. RULER SETTINGS -------------- The RULER is used as a "measuring stick". Although it is displayed across the top of your document, it is only IMAGINARY in that it will NOT appear when you print your final document. It simply serves as a "guide" for FORMATTING your documents. By selecting various SETTINGS, the text can be "molded" or confined within certain boundaries dictated by left and right margins, or it can be forced into certain positions on a line by using what's called TAB MARKS. Rulers VS. Paragraphs --------------------- A Ruler is always related to a specific PARAGRAPH. There is only one Ruler per paragraph and each paragraph will contain a Ruler. A paragraph is simply defined as a body of words or sentences that ENDS with a carriage return. When you are typing, as soon as you press the RETURN key, the paragraph ends and a new one begins. A new Ruler is automatically created for this new paragraph and will conveniently be an exact "copy" of the same Ruler from the previous paragraph just finished. Since each paragraph has a Ruler, you can actually have SEPARATE Ruler settings for your paragraphs. A Ruler is set for a particular paragraph WITHOUT effecting any other paragraphs. The rule to remember:THE RULER YOU SEE ON THE SCREEN WILL ALWAYS BE RELATED TO THE PARAGRAPH THE "BLINKING" CURSOR IS LOCATED IN AT THE TIME. Formatting A Document --------------------- There are 4 possible ALIGNMENTS: Left, Right, Centered, and Fully Justified, as found under the Format menu. Select the type of justification and begin typing. The new text entered will then appear in the chosen ALIGNMENT. Or, for previously typed text, you can highlight the text (actually, any characters in the paragraph) and then select the justification. Multiple paragraphs can be highlighted, in the usual manner, and then justified all at once. LEFT JUSTIFY positions all the test, for each given line, at the LEFT SIDE of the document. RIGHT JUSTIFY forces each line to end exactly on the RIGHT SIDE of the document. CENTER JUSTIFY places the text an EQUAL distance between the LEFT and RIGHT MARGINS. FULL JUSTIFY is a type of alignment where the test is both LEFT AND RIGHT JUSTIFIED at the same time. If the words of the sentence do not add up to a full line across the page, the GraphicWriter adds spaces between the words in such a way until all of the words fit evenly on that same line. Left And Right Margins ---------------------- The left and right sides of a document are called MARGINS. The RIGHT MARGIN can be set so that typing will never go past a specific mark. Paragraph Indentation --------------------- The INDENTATION MARK, at the LEFT SIDE of the Ruler, signifies where the FIRST WORD of a paragraph will be positioned. As you type, and the sentence "wraps", a new line will begin at the LEFT MARGIN MARK. The INDENTATION MARK can be moved by placing the pointer on it and dragging it to a new setting. Single & Double Line Spacing ---------------------------- The body of text of a document can also be formatted with Single or Double Line Spacing. Selecting "Double Spacing" from the Format menu will insert a BLANK LINE between every line. Re-selecting "Single Spacing" will remove the added lines. Note that the chosen Spacing will affect the ENTIRE document. Tab Markers ----------- A TAB MARK is used to designate WHERE you want the cursor to go when you hit the TAB key. These MARKERS, when placed on the Ruler, will "force" the text to be positioned on the screen. When a TAB MARK setting is changed, the text will ADJUST to specific locations, as called for by the MARKS. There are 3 types of TABS: Left; Center and Decimal, as found under the Format menu. They can be selected using OPEN APPLE-1, 2 or 3, respectively. They can be used individually or in COMBINATION. You may select up to a total of 6 for each paragraph. Left Tabs --------- When you select "Set Left Tab", a new mark will appear on the Ruler. To change this MARK, position the pointer on it and DRAG it to a new location. This will act upon the text in that paragraph only. You can place multiple Left Tabs on the Ruler. For example, if a second Left Tab is placed at the 3 inch MARK, the edit cursor will move to the 3 inch MARK when you hit the TAB key again. In this way you can control where the edit cursor will move, but more importantly, you can begin to dictate where the typing will occur on the document window. This process is very important when it comes to designing the desired document. Center Tabs ----------- A Center Tab can be placed in a similar manner and cause the text, after pressing the TAB key, to be CENTERED as you begin typing. The position of a sentence on a line will be determined by it's LENGTH when centered beneath this MARK. Decimal Tabs ------------ A Decimal Tab has a "dot" to it's right. This is how you can tell the difference between a Decimal Tab and the other Tabs. The interesting thing about a Decimal Tab is that when typing begins, any numerical values will have their DECIMAL POINTS aligned vertically. This sets up the possibility of creating a professional report which will show a LIST OF AMOUNTS, such as PRICES or DOLLAR TOTALS and so forth. Removing Tabs ------------- A TAB MARK can be removed at any time by simply dragging it off the Ruler and letting go of the mouse button. PAGING ------ Page Numbers ------------ You can type out a very long document without stopping (although you should always Save your document from time to time for "insurance" against unforeseen disasters). The Word Processor uses what's called VIRTUAL PAGE which means it acts as if you had an infinitely long piece of paper fed "forever" through the program's "typewriter". As you type, the document will be separated into NUMBERED PAGES. These pages will simply be the divisions of what the document will look like when printed. Each PAGE therefore represents ONE PIECE OF PAPER. The PAge Number that you are currently typing in will be shown at the lower left corner of the window. Scroll Bars ----------- On the right side and along the bottom of the document window are what's called SCROLL BARS. These allow you to move through a large document rather swiftly, in order to pin-point the exact Page you would like to edit. CLicking on the DOWN ARROW moves the contents of the window upward a LINE or two at a time. Or clicking on the UP ARROW will move the contents downward on the screen. Holding down the mouse button on an ARROW will act like "consecutive clicks" and continue moving the contents. You can also SCROLL RIGHT or LEFT by using the bottom SCROLL BAR which works in a similar fashion. However you will really only need to do this when your RIGHT MARGIN is set beyond 8 inches. Note that you can go out to the right up to 15 inches, but you can ONLY print such a document on the Wide ImageWriter. The Thumb --------- The way to move through the document a few "screens" at a time is by dragging the white rectangle called the THUMB. You might have noticed that when you clicked on the ARROWS, this THUMB also moved. The THUMB rectangle is positioned along the SCROLL BAR in the exact PROPORTION of the contents you currently see with respect to the ENTIRE DOCUMENT. Thus, if the THUMB is at the top of the SCROLL BAR, then you will know that you are at the very beginning of your document. If you drag it to the middle of the SCROLL BAR, then release the mouse button, you'll be at the halfway point of your document, and so forth. Clicking on the actual gray part of the SCROLL BAR will also advance the contents a few "screens" at a time. You can reverse the direction of the "scroll" by clicking on the OTHER SIDE of the THUMB (when the gray appears on that side). As you drag the THUMB, the Page Number of its position will also be shown (in its usual place at the bottom left corner). Therefore, you can drag the THUMB while examining the displayed Page Number in order to "pinpoint" the exact page you'd like to go to. Note that the actual SIZE of the white rectangle represents how much memory remains for you document. As you document grows in length, the THUMB rectangle will shrink. Page Breaks ----------- As you are typing a document, you will come to the end of a page (as it would be printed on paper). At this time a line will be displayed across the screen indicating the fact. This is known as a PAGE BREAK. What this means is that during printing, the paper will be fed through the printer to the next sheet. You can force this to happen at any time by positioning the "blinking" cursor at the desired place and then selecting "insert Page Break" from the Page menu. During printing, a form feed will occur exactly at this point, with subsequent printing continuing on the next sheet of paper. You can always tell where a Page Break exists by the fact that the screen will be "empty" between the Break and the bottom of that Page. Of course, you aren't allowed to type within this area. Upon reaching such a Break during typing, the cursor will "hop" down to the next Page. However, an inserted Page Break can be removed by positioning the cursor anywhere within the LAST PARAGRAPH of the Page and selecting "Remove Page Break" from the Page menu thereby removing the Break "area" from the document. Headers And Footers ------------------- A HEADER, or a FOOTER, is simply a line, or a few lines, that you would like to have printed at the top or bottom of every page. To create a HEADER or FOOTER simply type the text and HIGHLIGHT it. Immediately select "Copy as Header" or "Copy as Footer" from the Page menu. The text will be saved (replacing any previous ones) and will appear during printing. You can examine a HEADER or FOOTER by selecting "Show Header" or "Show Footer" from the Page menu in which case they will appear on the screen. Common usages for HEADERS or FOOTERS include your company's name and address (or logos and other Graphics drawings as cover later) which will then become your special Letterhead stationery. Show Full Page -------------- Since an entire 8 1/2 by 11 page cannot "fit" onto the screen all at once, there is an item under the Page menu called "Show Full Page". By selecting this you will be shown a miniature representation of the current page of your document. This function is often used to see what your page will look like prior to printing, especially when it contains numerous graphics drawings or complex layouts. By examining the Full Page from time to time, you can then create your document with full assurance it will be taking the form you had originally planned. Click the "OK" button when done viewing the Full Page window and you will be returned back to the normal editing mode. CREATING DOCUMENTS ------------------ Saving Documents ---------------- When you have finished typing your document and are ready to save it to your disk simply go up to the File menu and select "Save Document" or press OPEN APPLE-S instead. Upon doing so you will be asked to give your new document a NAME (For untitled docs). The default name "Untitled" appears at the bottom of this Save window. Note that it is highlighted. As usual, it can be edited by simply typing in a name or by clicking the pointer between characters and begin typing or backspacing. When ready, click on the "Save" button, or press the RETURN key (the "ring" around the button means it is the default button), and the document will be saved. You will then be returned back to your document, Notice that the TITLE of the window will change from "Untitled" to "XXXX" (the name you enter). About The Save Window --------------------- It is important to know some more things about the Save window. At the top you will be shown the name of the current PATHNAME. The Disk icon will be followed by a name that indicates the main directory to where you document will be Saved. You are also given the amount of disk space remaining. Those items in the window which are grayed mean they do NOT apply to the activity. Naturally saving your new document with the same name as one already saved will completely destroy the contents of the original. The Cancel button when clicked, will simply return you back to your document WITHOUT saving the document. Saving To A Folder ------------------ What you are really trying to do when you save a document is to save it INTO A FOLDER. Thus, you locate the FOLDER you want (clicking on the Up or Down Arrows to scroll through a large list of them) and then click "open" or press RETURN, or you may double-click on the folder name. In any case, THIS IS WHERE THE DOCUMENT WILL BE SAVED. A Folder icon represents a SUB-DIRECTORY which in itself can hold other files, and these files can only be found by examining this particular folder. You can recognize it as a SUB-DIRECTORY since the name includes slashes "/", each one meaning a "folder within a folder". Again, this will be the FOLDER your document will be saved in (when you click on Save). When a folder icon is showing, the "Close" button will become activated. Clicking this will take you back to the previous FOLDER (if you have ventured a few folders deep). You can create a brand new folder by typing in a name for it then clicking on "New Folder". After this is done you would then type in the name for the document itself and Save it into this new folder. The "Disk" button is used by first ejecting your disk and inserting another disk. CLicking "Disk" will then read the new disk for all of it's FOLDERS, and then you can carry on as explained above. RETRIEVING DOCUMENTS -------------------- Closing A Document ------------------ You can put away your document (in order to get to a different document) by clicking in its CLOSE BOX. If you have been typing before closing your document and you haven't saved these changes yet, then you will be prompted if you wish to Save Changes Before CLosing. Clicking "Yes" (or pressing RETURN) will automatically save the document before putting it away. Clicking "No" will put the document away WITHOUT saving any changes. "Cancel" will simply return you back to your document for further editing. New Documents ------------- Once the current document is put away and the screen clears, you may select "New Document" from the File menu which will bring up a blank "Untitled" window, the same as if you just entered GraphicWriter. Or you can re-open a document which you have already created and saved prior to this session. Opening Documents ----------------- When a document is put away, you can then open a previously saved document by selecting "open Document" from the File menu. In this case the Open Document window will appear. Selecting the filename, then clicking the "Open" button (or pressing RETURN), or double-clicking on the file's name will open the document. The new window will have the document's name as it's title. Working With Documents ---------------------- You can then start working with this document in the usual fashion. When finished, you have the option of Saving an changes and then Closing the window, or Close it and save it (or not) directly from the prompt window. Sometimes one might just want to "see" a document, or "copy" some of its text (or graphics), then close the document and bring up another and paste the copy into this newly open document. Once you get the hang of it you will find there are a number of options available for creating and retrieving documents. OTHER DOCUMENTS --------------- Save Document AS... ------------------- You can work with an existing document by bringing it up, typing new data or making some changes to it and then selecting "Save As..." from the File menu. This will allow you to save this altered document to a different file(name). In this way you can make a "copy" of an entire document. The original document stays intact as the window's title then changes to the new documents name (that you entered in the Save window). This is how you can create "templates" and other such files that you would like to have saved aside. Many documents might actually contain the same "structure", such as "Letterhead" or reports, and by saving a "copy" you won't have to always create a new document entirely from scratch. Save As Text File ----------------- By selecting "Save As Text" from the File menu you can save just the data you have typed (no pictures). A TEXT ONLY file will be created which will consist of just the numbers and letters. The fonts, sizes, styles, and colors are "Stripped" out. In this way, the data can be moved over to other Apple IIGS programs. Note that saving as TEXT does NOT eliminate the "Save Changes?" factor on your current document. Importing Text Files -------------------- A document can also be created from TEXT type files. This is the process you can use to bring into GraphicWriter any documents or TEXT created from other programs. When you select "Import Text File" from the File menu, another "Open" type window will be presented allowing you to choose a TEXT file (you may insert other disks during this "search"_. You then select the TEXT file just like you were opening a normal document, but this time the DATA from that file will be inserted into your document. The insertion of the TEXT will occur at the current point of the "blinking" cursor. Thus, you should first position this cursor and then select "Import Text File". After the TEXT is inserted, you are welcome to edit it (cut-copy-paste,etc). You can also just bring up a "New Document" then import the TEXT. When ready you can Save this new document, or use "Save As..." to a completely different file for an altered document. GRAPHICS -------- The Drawing Tools ----------------- Each DRAWING TOOL can be selected by simply clicking on its ICON at the bottom of the screen. The "A.." (for ASCII) is used for what is called TYPING MODE. Clicking on it (so that the square becomes highlighted) means you can then begin typing on the document. CLicking on any of the other squares means you will go into the GRAPHICS MODE. Next to the "A..." we have the LINE TOOL. After selecting it, the arrow pointer becomes a CROSS when you drag it up to the middle of the screen. This is also how you can tell that you are in the DRAWING or GRAPHICS MODE and that you can NOT type at this time. To use the LINE TOOL you first click and hold down the mouse button and DRAG the CROSS about the screen. A LINE will be drawn FROM THE STARTING POINT of where you FIRST clicked, TO THE ENDING POINT of where the CROSS is when you RELEASE the mouse button. You can "eyeball" the LINE until it is perfectly straight. Next to the LINE there are four SHAPE TOOLS:a rectangle, a rounded rectangle, a triangle, and a circle (or oval). These tools work the same way, that is, you click and DRAG to draw with them. The next four FILL SHAPES work exactly the same way, but instead of drawing a "border", the entire area is filled in. The hand tool is used for moving pictures about the screen. It works by clicking ON the picture, holding the mouse button down, and DRAGGING the picture with the HAND. A ghost picture moves with the HAND and when the mouse button is released, the picture will move from its original position to the new destination. If not satisfied with the position, simply drag it again to another place. The LINE THICKNESS is determined by selecting one of the 5 CROSSES before you draw. Of course, only the NON-FILL SHAPES are affected by LINE THICKNESS since the FILL SHAPES are essentially solids. You click on one of these drawing pointers and then choose the TOOL you wish to draw with. To understand their differences, let's examine how the thinnest one can be utilized to create the same effects as the thicker ones. Using the smallest CROSS pointer, draw a rectangle, then position the pointer just inside the upper left corner and drag into place a new, internal rectangle. Repeating this process creates a thicker "border" just as if you used a larger CROSS. Therefore, as you draw with one of the larger CROSSES, adjacent multiple lines or "dots" are formed at the same time, thus yielding larger "rectangles".