This was my point that they don't necessarily use custom chips or PALs/GALs, just deface them. Quite likely this is the case with the RamWorks Basic (512K). I have a clone, and I'm curious to know if someone can tell me how these chips are labeled on a genuine AE card. RamWorks Basic 512K (clone)... L L L L L 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 S S S S S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 8 7 2 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 9 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 L S L L L 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 S 0 S S S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 0 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 7 4 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 As for the RamWorks III, I don't know if there was a clone (why not, almost everything else was cloned). If anyone knows what the 4 chips are labeled CSTM1..CSTM4, I'd like to know just in case they ever need replacing. Quite likely they are the same as the RamWorks II because they layout is nearly identical and the number of pins on those chips is the same too. RamWorks III (euro. orig)... 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 C C L F 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S S S 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 L L T T 0 2 L 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 S S M M 8 S 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 5 2 3 3 4 1 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L L 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 L C C S S 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 S S S 2 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 T T 4 7 3 M M 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Just to finish the set of ASCII art I have drawn in the chips that Wayne has identified on the RamWorks II... L L L F 41256 41256 41256 41256 41256 4 L S S S 3 1 S 3 1 0 2 L 41256 41256 41256 41256 41256 2 0 2 3 8 S 5 4 8 3 41256 41256 41256 41256 41256 6 L L L L L 7 L S S S S S 3 41256 41256 41256 41256 41256 4 S 5 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 0 7 4 7 41256 41256 41256 41256 41256 2 7 5 5 4 5 3 41256 41256 41256 41256 41256 6 thanks, Mark Wayne Stewart wrote in message <3B158C6A.65907692@intergate.bc.ca>... >I got back the RamWorks II clone which is an exact copy of the >RamWorks II. The 4 ground off chips are in the >upper left - 74LS32. >Upper Right - 74LS138 >Lower left - 74LS10 >Lower Right - 74LS175 > > Wayne >