Loading/Running P.L.Editor If you own an Apple II Plus system that does not have an Integer BASIC Firmware card, the Program Line Editor will not be run when the supplied disk is booted. This is because the Greeting program is an Integer BASIC program. So, the follo wing steps must be taken in order to all ow the Program Line Editor disk to boot properly in Applesoft. 1. Remove the Write Protect tabs from the edge of the included disk. 2. Insert and boot the disk. 3. UNLOCK PROGRAM LINE EDITOR 4. UNLOCK PLE.FP 5. RENAME PROGRAM LINE EDITOR, PLE.INT 6. RENAME PLE.FP.PROGRAM LINE EDITOR 7. LOCK PROGRAM LINE EDITOR 8. LOCK PLE.INT 9. Replace the Write Protect tab. 10. Reboot the disk After this is done,just boot the disk n ormally. Soon, a disk catalog will appea r,letting you know the PLE is up and run ning. When the PLE has been run,you shouldn't notice anything unusual about the opera tion of your Apple. In,fact, everything IS the same, except for all of the new c ommands and features described in the fo llowing pages. NOTE: When the PLE is up and running, D OS will set HI-MEM:1536 bytes lower than normal for your system. PAGE 1 There are two new commands added to BAS IC that allow you to edit either a progr am line or the last line of characters t yped at the keyboard. These are CTRL-E ( EDIT) and CTRL-W ENTERING EDIT MODE: CTRL-E AND CTRL-W This is the command used when you want to edit a line in your program. To type Ctrl-E, just press the CTRL key and hold it down while you hit the E key.After t he word "EDIT" appears, type the line nu mber of the line you want to edit. The l ine will appear,with the cursor at the b eginning of the first statement in the l ine. The Line Editor remembers the numbe r of the last line edited, so, if you wa nt to edit the same line again later, si mply type Ctrl-E and a period (.). This will cause the last - edited line to rea ppear. Here are a few things to watch for when using Crtl-E to enter Edit mode: 1. Ctrl-E must be the first character t yped on a line. 2. Don't try to edit line 0 of an Apple soft program. 3. Ctrl-E is disabled during INPUTs and Monitor. 4. Backspacing into the word EDIT befor e typing the line number may disable Ctr l-R (RESTART) in Edit mode. 5. If you inadvertently type the ESCape key before typing Ctrl-E, two warning b ells will sound and you will not enter E dit mode. If a line number is typed afte r the warning bell, hitting Return may d elete the line. 6. If a line is longer than the maximum BASIC line length (128 for Integer BASI C, 239 for Applesoft), it will be auto-P ACKed, removing all extraneous spaces fr om the line. CTRL-W This is the command to use when you hav e typed a line in Integer BASIC and rece ived a ***SYNTAX ERROR message. Just typ e Ctrl-W and the line will instantly rea ppear. Ctrl-W works during INPUTs, and i t will recover and re-execute immediate commands. This command can also be used to recover lines canceled with Ctrl-X. Ctrl-W actually works two ways, dependi ng on when it is typed. If it is typed a s the first character on a line, it will cause the last line typed from the keyb oard to reappear. If it is typed while e ntering a line, ctrl-W retypes the line and enters Edit mode. Here are some things to be careful of w hen using Ctrl-W: 1. Ctrl-W does NOT work when entered as the first character of an Applesoft lin e. 2. Very long lines may be auto-PACKed, removing all extraneous spaces. EDIT MODE:CONTROL COMMANDS All of the following commands are avail able only after entering Edit mode as de scribed. Control characters in the edite d line are displayed in inverse video du ring Edit mode. A warning bell will soun d if your line has reached the maximum B ASIC line length (128 for Integer BASIC, 239 lines for Applesoft). Notice the first character of each comm and's name is the same as (or sounds lik e) the command itself. This is an easy w ay to remember these commands. EDIT MODE COMMANDS Ctrl-I INSERT -This command allows you to insert character into the line. Non-c ontrol characters typed after a Ctrl-I w ill be inserted in front of the cursor, and the rest of the line will spread to make room. All following characters type d will be inserted until a control chara cter is typed (such as <-,->, or another Edit mode command). To insert control c haracters, see OVERRIDE. Ctrl-D DELETE -To delete the character under the cursor from the line, type ctr l-D. The character will disappear, and t he rest of the line will move in and fil l up the space created. If you DELETE to o much, you can recover the line with RE START Ctrl-F FIND -Followed by a character t yped N times, FIND will move the cursor to the Nth occurrence of the character i n the line. For example, to position the cursor on the third colon (:) in a line , type Ctrl-F :::. Notice that you only need type Ctrl-F once. Type any other ch aracter to terminate FIND Ctrl-Z ZAP - This function deletes all characters up to a specific character. A Ctrl-Z followed by a character typed N times will delete all characters up to t he Nth occurrence of that character (muc h like FIND). For example, to delete thr ee statements from a line, type Ctrl-Z : ::. Type any other character to terminat e ZAP. If you ZAP a little too far, you can restore the original line with RESTA RT Ctrl-0 OVERRIDE - This command functi ons exactly like the INSERT command exce pt that the FIRST character inserted may be a control character. After the first character has been inserted, OVERRIDE b ehaves exactly like INSERT that is, inse rtion is terminated with a control chara cter. Inserted control characters are di splayed in inverse video in Edit mode. Y ou can use OVERRIDE to insert Ctrl-D's into PRINT statements for DOS commands. You might also want to experiment with other control characters such as the fou r programmable cursor characters (Ctrl- H,I,J,K),backspaces,and carriage returns . Ctrl-R RESTART- The RESTART command is used to re-edit the original line, rega rdless of any changes or deletions you m ight have made (A life saver). RESTART d oes not work if you entered Edit mode wi th a Ctrl-W. Ctrl-P PACK-The PACK command allows you to remove extraneous spaces in edited l ines that would otherwise cause a *** TO O LONG error. Ctrl-P will retype a line with all spaces removed except those wit hin quotes. PACK can also be used when y ou hear the bell warning you that your l ine is too long. To protect REMark lines from being PACKed, enter a quote as the first character of the REMark. Ctrl-C CONVERT - The CONVERT command is used to quickly convert upper case t ext to lower case, or vice versa. ctrl-C converts the character under the cursor to the current case set by the Crtl-A/C trl-S upper-lower shift lock, and advanc es the cursor. Ctrl-B BEGIN - This command moves th e cursor to the beginning of the line. It is useful for repositioning the curso r before using the FIND command, and for renumbering lines. Ctrl-N END - This command moves the cursor to the end of the line.Ctrl-Q QU IT - The QUIT command deletes to the en d of the line starting from the cursor p osition and exits Edit mode. The line is entered up to the cursor position. Ctrl-M RETURN - Typing a Carriage RETU RN will exit Edit mode and save the line exactly as it appears on the screen Th is is the usual way of leaving Edit mode . Ctrl-X CANCEL - Ctrl-X is used to can cel the line being edited, and exit Edit mode. A line cancelled with Ctrl-X can be recovered with Ctrl-W. <-,-> The backward and forward arrow keys work just as they normally do, mov ing the cursor backward or forward one s pace. These are also invoked with Ctrl-H and Ctrl-U, respectively. Ctrl-A,Ctrl-S - The upper and lower cas e shift lock keys also work in Edit mode . Ctrl-A is upper shift lock,and Ctrl-S is the lower shift lock. (See CONVERT) STOP LIST ESC or Ctrl-S Temporarily stop,i.e. pro gram listings or CATALOG, hit Ctrl-S or ESC. Exit command, hit any key. CANCEL LIST CTRL-C To terminate listing entirely and return to BAS IC FLUSH LIST Ctrl-F To quickly skip through long listings. To resume output to screen Ctrl-F NOTICE: ECS and Ctrl-S: During INPUT be careful. The ab ove commands S,C,F,ESC, work ONLY when c haracters are actually being printed on the screen. CURSOR CONTROL Ctrl-H - LEFT Ctrl-I - RIGHT Ctrl-J - DOWN Ctrl-K - UP These character allow you to control th e position of the cursor from within PRI NT,REM, or INPUT statements. Example: a PRINT statement with an aste risk followed by five Ctrl-K's and anoth er asterisk will print an asterisk one s pace ahead and four lines above the othe r. ESCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTE: THE ESCAPE FUNCTIONS ARE NOT AVAI LABLE DURING EDIT MODE !!!! ESC @, A-G These are normal Apple Esc ape commands. They work as is in manual. ESC P Typing ESC-P/ same as ESC shift- P, except don't use shift key. ESC I,HJ,K,M Simulate Autostart ROM E scape editing. Same as ESC A,B,C,D, ESC T This types TEXT and RETURN, and then POKE -16300,0 RETURN, which return s you to text page 1. ESC L Type LIST and a carriage return . ESC O Automatically types CALL-936 ESC 1,2 ESC 1 will CATALOG the disk in drive 1 ESC 2 will CATALOG the disk in drive 2 ESC / Use in place of word PRINT ESC: This does a CALL-151 Note that a ":" is a lower case "*" the Monitor pr ompt character.When executed all that is seen is "MON" ESC <- -> Performs eight <- and -> . T yping ESC ->->->->-> will copy an entire line from the Apple screen while ESC <- <- will fast backspace sixteen times. ESC Q This function will bring the va lue of the contents of any two memory lo cations. To use, you must first set the variable A equal to the address of the l ocation of the two-byte number. (This is done by typing A=n, where n is an integ er) Next just type ESC Q. This function is roughly equivalent to PRINT PEEK (A) + PEEK (A+1) * 256, except that values g reater that 32767 are printed as negativ e numbers. In INTEGER BASIC setting A=7 4 will print the current value of LOMEM: and A=76 will print the address of HIME M: In Applesoft use A=105 and A=73 respe ctively, to print the value of LOMEM: an d HIMEM: This function is not printed on the screen during execution. ESC W- Will calculate the start address and length of the most recently BLOADed disk file on 48K system. You must chan ge the constants within the function wit h the ESC CREATE programs for use with o ther size systems. ESC !-% -ESC shift 1 thru ESC shift 5 make available the five characters that are not normally available on the Apple keyboard: the right bracket ( ) the bac kslash ( ) the underline ( ) Ctrl-/ and ctrl ESCAPE FUNCTIONS CAN BE USED FOR ANYTHI NG, REMEMBER POKES PEEKS CALLS, TYPE RES PONSES TO INPUT, FIRE UP PRINTER DRIVER, APPEND INTEGER BASIC. ESCAPE CREATE.INT ESCAPE CREATE.FP When using the ESC CREATE program to di splay the Escape functions you've notice d that the cursor movement commands ESC` @ through ESC F are defined in terms of themselves. If you don't want the text of the Escap e function to be displayed on the Apple screen just insert (') apostrophe into t he function at the place where you want to disable the display (usually the firs t character of the function). When encou ntered, during execution of an ESC funct ion, listing of the function is turned o ff and (') skipped over NOT entered into the line as part of the function. Also notice ESC Ctrl-E is defined as tw o bells and a Ctrl-X. This can be a life saver if you use ESC key for Stop List a nd you accidentally hit the ESC key afte r the listing has stopped. The next key will be processed as an Escape function and thus you will NOT enter Edit mode. Type Ctrl-E to enter Edit mode and you h ear two bell, you know to try again. USING PLE GREETING PROGRAM ON YOUR OWN DISK:: A. Insert PLE disk and boot. B. Decide Integer BASIC or Applesoft of the greeting program you want. C. LOAD PLE D. Insert your own disk. E. CATALOG your disk to find out the na me and file type of its existing greetin g program. F. SAVE HELLO. You now have replaced th e old greeting program with PLE GREETING PROGRAMS: A. LOAD PLE B. DEL 10,30 C. ENTER YOUR PROGRAM. INTEGER: The last statements execu ted in your program MUST GOSUB 32767: PRINT "INT" Applesoft: the last statement execut ed must be GOSUB 63999:PRINT "FP" Because the final INT and FP immediatel y terminates the program and clears prog ram memory, it is NOT possible to RUN an other program from your Greeting program . BRUN CATALOG AND EXEC etc., are allowe d D. Insert your own disk. E. Save HELLO It is possible to INIT a new disk with a PLE Greeting program. ENTERING BASIC FROM APPLE MONITOR To return to BASIC after hitting RESET or CALL-151,type Ctrl-Y and hit return. If you use 3D0G to re-enter BASIC the PL E will be disabled until BASIC is reente red with Ctrl-Y. If you have Autostart R OM, hitting RESET will always return yo u to BASIC with the Editor up and runnin g. THE PLE IS MUCH CONNECTED TO THE APPLE LIKE A PRINTER OR OTHER PERIPHERAL. THEREFORE WHEN YOU USE PR# IN# THE PLE IS TEMPORARILY DISABLED AND MUST BE RECO NNECTED. IN APPLESOFT CALL-1013 OR SIMPL Y AN & IN YOUR PROGRAM OR FROM THE KEYBO ARD. INTEGER DOESN'T HAVE & STATEMENT YO U MUST USE CALL-1013 TO RECONNECT THE PL E. MEMORY CONFLICTS; To transfer to another disk A. BLOAD REMOVE PLE B. BSAVE REMOVE PLE,A$300,L$3A =END=